Old Time Television :: essays research papers

Old Time Television I love LucyLeave It to bestHoneymoonersSupermanQuiz showsLeave it to Beaver contributed to the notion of the perfect Fifties family. Parents never raised their voices or were too busy for the kids. Dad didnt work late. Mom, well, silly Mom seemed obliged to remain perfectly coifed and dressed regardless of task. Dusting, vacuuming, cooking. No matter. She always had a dress and her heels on. What they never showed was Mom ironing which must encounter been a daily ordeal to keep all those nice outfits pressed.A life crisis consisted of a lost report card or failure to run your vegetables.Still, we watched. Amused by the comings and goings of the Cleaver family and I suspect, wishing our own families could be as perfect as the Cleavers.The Honeymooners was really televisions first spin-off.I Love LucyLucille formal was a pathfinder who paved the way for all the women in TV to follow. Without Lucy, arguably, there might not have been a Carol Burnett or bloody sh ame Tyler Moore. She proved women could be the leads and carry a show. Not one show, but several. None of which takes away from Desi Arnazs estimable talents as a producer. His "can do" mental attitude made the "I Love Lucy Show" work. He innovated the three camera filming format still in use today. Previously, shows like this were performed before a live audience and preserved on kinescope which makes poor copies. Desis filiming of Lucy is the reason there are great copies today. The show ran in a period of TV history when married people slept in separate beds which would explain why on TV, women didnt get "pregnant.

Got Internet Pornography? Essay -- Internet Pornography Essays

Got Internet Pornography?Pornography is viewed differently by everyone. Is lampblack as bad as it is do out to be? What if it is that persons outlet from pragmatism, just like smoking, drinking, snowboarding, skiing. Is it hurting anyone. Some swear it is degrading to women. Do those women that do it think it is degrading. If they did they wouldnt do it. in that respect are several different types of vulgarism in the world. It started in art where we had sculptures of Aphrodite naked, we had legion(predicate) artists who painted pictures of nude women. hardly people look at that and say oh how pretty. But in the present day we remove printing presses, we have meshwork, and people try to make their deliver art with their bodies and people criticize them. why? How? Are they jealous because they dont feel comfortable with showing their bodies to people. Pornography has taken a forceful turn since the internet. I will be talking about the pros and cons for pornography on the internet, the increase in child pornography, the booming of pornography on the internet ,and the confusion with all the different laws in our society. Pornography in the 90s has been on a steady increase. With the popularity of the internet growing daily, pornography has also grown. Pornography has not however grown to the Herculean proportions which many believe. The industry itself according to Forbes is at best $520 million (Forbes.com) not the $10 billion which is a false statistic, also according to Forbes.(http//www.eden.rutgers.edu/%7Eskwong/pornography/internet.html). I believe that pornography on the internet is a good idea because you can monitor it easier than monitoring those hidden magazines that your kids somehow always denudation them. This way you dont have to go to the s... ...tables that show from a survey about how many people have visited call forth sites broken set down to male female, born again Christians, married, single, liveliness together, divorced, a nd widowed. These graphs will show that pornography is not that dangerous, and is harmless. Although it has its pros and cons I am for pornography, it gives a person that escape from reality like everyone needs once in a while. On the down side I am and will always be against child pornography on some degree. Younger than 16 I am against it totally but 16 that is a gray area for me because when I was 18 long time old my girlfriend was 16 years old. So its like looking at porn but in the flesh. Thats why I say they should make up their minds about the age. Either you can give consent to get pictures taken of you or you cant give sex until you are 18. Its one or the other it cant be both. Got Internet Pornography? Essay -- Internet Pornography EssaysGot Internet Pornography?Pornography is viewed differently by everyone. Is pornography as bad as it is made out to be? What if it is that persons outlet from reality, just like smoking, drinking, snowboarding, skiing . Is it hurting anyone. Some say it is degrading to women. Do those women that do it think it is degrading. If they did they wouldnt do it. There are several different types of pornography in the world. It started in art where we had sculptures of Aphrodite naked, we had many artists who painted pictures of nude women. But people look at that and say oh how pretty. But in the present day we have printing presses, we have internet, and people try to make their own art with their bodies and people criticize them. Why? How? Are they jealous because they dont feel comfortable with showing their bodies to people. Pornography has taken a drastic turn since the internet. I will be talking about the pros and cons for pornography on the internet, the increase in child pornography, the booming of pornography on the internet ,and the confusion with all the different laws in our society. Pornography in the 90s has been on a steady increase. With the popularity of the internet growing daily, por nography has also grown. Pornography has NOT however grown to the Herculean proportions which many believe. The industry itself according to Forbes is at best $520 million (Forbes.com) not the $10 billion which is a false statistic, also according to Forbes.(http//www.eden.rutgers.edu/%7Eskwong/pornography/internet.html). I believe that pornography on the internet is a good idea because you can monitor it easier than monitoring those hidden magazines that your kids somehow always find them. This way you dont have to go to the s... ...tables that show from a survey about how many people have visited sex sites broken down to male female, born again Christians, married, single, living together, divorced, and widowed. These graphs will show that pornography is not that dangerous, and is harmless. Although it has its pros and cons I am for pornography, it gives a person that escape from reality like everyone needs once in a while. On the down side I am and will always be against chil d pornography on some degree. Younger than 16 I am against it totally but 16 that is a gray area for me because when I was 18 years old my girlfriend was 16 years old. So its like looking at porn but in the flesh. Thats why I say they should make up their minds about the age. Either you can give consent to get pictures taken of you or you cant give sex until you are 18. Its one or the other it cant be both.

William Shakespeare Essay -- essays research papers fc

William Shakespeargon Ask anyone who Shakespeargon was, and he or she will immediately rattle off at least three diametrical plays that were required readings in English, not to mention a few blockbuster movies bearing his name. Many r constantlye the works of Shakespe atomic number 18 as paramount in the human being of literature, dedicating entire books, classes and festivals to the study and celebration of his work. Although the ancient language is a common stumbling block for even the most seasoned readers, his varied tales of love, hate, fear, betrayal, laughter, defeat and victory are just as fitting today as they were four hundred years ago. He is amazingly timeless. Yet, while we might know what Shakespeare is, will we ever really know who Shakespeare was? Ah, theres the rubMuch about the Bard is a mystery to even the most scholarly enthusiasts. The hard facts that are actually known about him could fill one neatly handwritten page, but what is speculated and complete legen d could fill volumes of books. So, what is fact and what is fiction? According to the weensy documentation that chronicles his life, Shakespeare was not even a true Shakespeare at all he was born in April 1596 and entered in the baptismal testify as Gulielmus filius Johannis Shakspere. up to now his actual date of birth is somewhat of a mystery. While we do know that he was baptized on April 26th, 1564, there is no existing record of his birth date. We can assume that he was born on April 23rd judging by the customary three-day period that most families waited before baptizing their children, but this is and speculation.Since the records of the Stratford grammar school have not survived, we cannot prove that Shakespeare attended school. In all actuality, we have no evidence that he was even literate. His father had no educational training, so it is quite possible that he also lacked in schooling, but thats only guesswork. The bordering piece of hard information that we come cr ossways in our search is a register entry showing a Wm. Shaxpere being granted a license to marry Anne Whateley on November 27, 1582. The very next day this same register records a marriage bond issued to William Shagspere and Anne Hathwey. Six months later Anne gave birth to their first child, daughter Susanna Shakspere, and then in February 1585 she gave birth to twins, Hamnet and Judith. It is presumed that Shakespeare do it to London ar... ...peares literature will probably never be laid to rest, it will always contribute to the enjoyment of studying his work. Students of the subject are compelled to read and re-read the plays and sonnets in an attempt to gain a better understanding of who was holding the pen. Debates involving fact and fiction keep the name Shakespeare in constant movement, reminding us that we have not outgrown him, not even after four hundred years. The writing of Shakespeare, whomever Shakespeare is, is a gift for us to continue unwrapping, and pass down t o our children to send word as well. One must hope that the mystery will never be solved, so that it may never lose its magic.WORKS CITEDCharters, Ann. The storey and Its Writer. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 1999.Mowat, Barbara A. and Werstine, Paul, ed. A Midsummer Nights Dream The NewFolger Library. New York Washington Square Press, 1993.Shakespeare Oxford Society. 27 Jun. 2001. Van Duyn, Barbara. Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. 5 Aug. 2000. http//www.calvin.edu/academic/engl/346/proj/barb/All Shakespeare. Allstudyguides.com.

Princess Diana :: essays papers

Princess DianaThroughout her life all eyes were always on Princess Diana. Millionscame to identify with her and, when she died, they felt as though theyhave lost a best friend. More than a year after the sudden end of her permit but imperfect life, Princess Dianas charity work stillmotivates many others to donate their own time in hopes to help thelives of others. Through the vigorous fund fostering and campaigning,Princess Diana has greatly effected the lives of the patients she hasreached out to.The honorable Diana Frances Spencer weighed in at seven pounds,twelve ounces when she was born on July 1, 1961. Her fatherannounced at the time of her birth, she was nil less than aperfect physical specimen. She was the third surviving child of herparents. In 1967 her parents, Johnnie and Frances separated, then in1969 their divorce became final. Johnnie Spencer won custody of theirfour children(Brennan19).On February 24, 1981, Princess Dianas life changed forever.Her engagement to Prince Charles, the heir to the Britishthrone, was announced. They were married in Saint Pauls Cathedral onJuly 29, 1981. The ceremony was internationally televised. People allover the earth tuned into the beautiful day when Princess Diana wasmarried into one of the most powerful families in the world(Encarta).The spring chicken Princess of Wales unofficially came of age when shewas twenty- sextuplet years old, married for nearly six years, andthe mother of two young sons. That moment was a turning point in herlife because she decided to become involved with AIDS, a subjectshunned by the great and the good of British society. Overnight,Princess Diana changed from a young mum who liked to shop or listen topop songs on her Walkman, to a mature young woman who had created arole for herself(Davies260).The metamorphosis came the day in April 1987 when Diana openedBritains first purpose-built ward for AIDS sufferers, at LondonsMiddlesex Hospital. Many were shocked at the fact th at she didnt wearany protective clothing(Davies260). At that time the average Briton knew very little about AIDS. Some believed it could be caught and passed on by touch, kissing, or evenhugging someone who was infected. The revelation that a royal, likePrincess Diana, the mother of two young sons, one the heir to thethrone, had taken such an howling(a) risk with a deadly disease shockedmany people(Brennan88).Many people wondered, and still to this day wonder if it was

Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Maturity in A Separate Peace

Maturity in A Separate Peace In A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, the focus glare is quickly turned upon gene Forrester and his maturity through the novel. He expresses his ideas about the many subjects through the record through his position as the novels narrator. Also, as the book progresses, so does brokers maturity. The first chapter of A Separate Peace establishes the character Gene Forrester, who in actuality is a portrayal of John Knowles himself, according to a recent interview. In this establishment of the main character, Gene sets his place as a grown up and fully matured man, looking back on an incident when he was only sixteen years old. He vividly describes Devon High School as he currently saw, and as he remembered from the days of his past. The description provided in this chapter proves to the reader that in the events following this soliloquy, a young character will emerge, and will grow into the man they just read about. In Chapter Two and Three, Gene develops a close bond with his roommate Finny. However, Gene, develops a sheer envy for Finny, and acknowledges it as the truth. He is extremely envious of the methods in which Finny uses to escape his unconventional actions and his popularity. He doctors himself in self-assurance, by repeatedly telling himself over and over again that having a best friend like Finny is a compliment and should be looked at as an achievement. However, this excuse is transparent of Genes maturity at this point, portraying a actually young, foolish, and selfish young man. It later leads to inner conflict within Gene. During this chapter, Finny and Gene brainstorm and create the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Se... ...orced him to grow up it has forced him to realize his boyish selfishness and stupidity behind some of his actions. In the last two chapters, Gene depicts to the reader the thought process in which his pass goes through. Especially in Chapter Twelve, where the book draws to the climax of Ge ne finding marrow to the environment surrounding him. A great deal of growing and heartfelt thoughts was brought forth by having Gene as the narrator. The reader was allowed to see inside the mind of another human, and see the thought process that went through the young mans head. The realization that the mind controls the mental growth is very strong throughout the whole book, considering the very immature outlook Gene took upon Finny and the events involving Finny, which evolve into carefully thought out remorse that grows into much needed maturity.

The Time Machine by H.G. Wells Essay -- Papers HG Wells Essays

The fourth dimension Machine by H.G. WellsWorks Cited Not IncludedTime traveling, a concept known to ultramodern man as inconceivable, but in The Time Machine, by H.G. Wells, this fathom of human fantasy has come to life. Wells entangles a unique blend of severalise characters, conflicts of capitalist verses laborer di views, and foreshadowing of the destruction of humanity to seem together this novel of visionary proportions. The Time Machine is a bleak and sober vision of mans place in the Universe.(McConnell Pg.1581)Wells use of characters in The Time Machine brings a heavy sense of contrast and diversity into the story. There are five main(prenominal) characters around which the story revolves. Beginning with the Eloi and the Morlocks, which are the two branches of humanity in the year 802,701. The Eloi, who are our capitalist force, and whom resemble modern humans the most, live supra ground and feed on the vast vegetation that has engulfed the Earth. The Eloi are lazy and mind spans to that of a five-year-old. The Eloi never fully mature for the cannibalistic Morlocks harvest them at a certain age as food. The Eloi are described as fair of skin and hair and are considered childlike and frail. Fragile little creatures perchance four feet tall, they pass their time in playing gently, in bathing in the river, in making love in a half-playful fashion, in eat fruit and sleeping. Human vigor and energy have passed into languor and decay.(McConnell Pg.3865) The Eloi live in splendid castles, but these beautiful porcelain castles are crumbling because of a lack of nutrition due to inferiority and lack of concern from the Eloi. But a second look reveals that is only a ruined splendor. All human artifacts are easily crumbling. Some of th... ... try to make a difference on the people of that time. He leaves and tells Mr. Hillyer to prepare for his return, but he never makes it back. Wells leaves unanswered the inquire whether the Time Traveler succeeded, for the man never returns. Thus our future, insofar as the reader is concerned, remains in jeopardy, since we can non know what effects the Time Travelers warning talent have had on future humans.(Magill Pg.867)H.G. Wells use of contrasting characters, capitalist verse laborer conflicts, and the foreshadowing of humanities destruction have made this book not only one not to be overlooked, but one not ever to be forgotten as well. The possibilities of the future are endless, but The Time Machine clearly goes to show that the fate of the future will be what we as a society make of it, and the possibilities and impossibilities are merely consequence.

The Time Machine by H.G. Wells Essay -- Papers HG Wells Essays

The Time Machine by H.G. WellsWorks Cited Not IncludedTime traveling, a concept known to modern man as inconceivable, but in The Time Machine, by H.G. Wells, this fathom of human fantasy has come to life. Wells entangles a unique blend of contrasting characters, conflicts of capitalist verses diddlyshit divisions, and foreshadowing of the destruction of humanity to seem together this novel of visionary proportions. The Time Machine is a bleak and sober vision of mans place in the Universe.(McConnell Pg.1581)Wells use of characters in The Time Machine brings a heavy sense of contrast and diversity into the level. There are five main characters around which the story revolves. Beginning with the Eloi and the Morlocks, which are the two branches of humanity in the year 802,701. The Eloi, who are our capitalist force, and whom resemble modern humans the most, live above ground and fertilize on the vast vegetation that has engulfed the Earth. The Eloi are lazy and mind spans to that o f a five-year-old. The Eloi never fully mature for the cannibalistic Morlocks harvest them at a genuine age as food. The Eloi are described as fair of skin and hair and are considered childlike and frail. Fragile little creatures perhaps four feet tall, they gain their time in playing gently, in bathing in the river, in making love in a half-playful fashion, in eating fruit and sleeping. valet de chambre vigor and energy have passed into languor and decay.(McConnell Pg.3865) The Eloi live in splendid castles, but these beautiful porcelain castles are crumbling because of a lack of maintenance due to lower rank and lack of concern from the Eloi. But a second look reveals that is only a ruined splendor. All human artifacts are slowly crumbling. Some of th... ... fork out to make a difference on the people of that time. He leaves and tells Mr. Hillyer to prepare for his return, but he never makes it back. Wells leaves unanswered the question whether the Time traveller succeeded , for the man never returns. Thus our future, insofar as the reader is concerned, remains in jeopardy, since we cannot know what effects the Time Travelers warning might have had on future humans.(Magill Pg.867)H.G. Wells use of contrasting characters, capitalist verse laborer conflicts, and the foreshadowing of humanities destruction have made this book not only nonpareil not to be overlooked, but one not ever to be forgotten as well. The possibilities of the future are endless, but The Time Machine understandably goes to show that the fate of the future will be what we as a society make of it, and the possibilities and impossibilities are merely consequence.

Cross Cultural Relationships

As the world becomes more and more internationally connected, the need to guess people from divers(prenominal) subtletys and how to interact appropriately with them in like manner increases. Managers and leaders need to develop interethnical competences that usher out help them be more aware of their own culturally-based perceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and thence adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts.Managing people a despoil cultivations offers solid theoretical frame pass aways and practical insights to handle the cultural challenges in managing people in a internationalized workplace. Cross cultural management addresses topics including cross-cultural communication and understanding at two interpersonal and inter-organizational levels, leading multicultural and global virtual teams, cross-cultural leadership, managing cross-cultural joint ventures, transferring managerial practices crossways cultures, and managing international assig nments.To understand what is cross cultural relationship, we first need to understand what culture is. nicety Culture is the philosophy of life, the values, norms and rules, and existing behavior as well as the material and immaterial products from these which are taken over by man from the past generations, and which man wants to bring preceding to the next generation eventually in a different form and which in matchless way or another separate individuals belonging to the culture from individuals belonging to other cultures.Cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB) is the study of cross-cultural similarities and differences in processes and behavior at work and the dynamics of cross-cultural interfaces in multicultural domestic and international contexts. Any relationship at a workplace has its pros and cons. However, when it comes to cross cultural relationships, the advantages and challenges faced are different compared to a domestic workplace, which can be seen below. Advantages Of Cross Cultural Relationship At Workplace Managers who have worked in foreign locations acknowledge that understanding the culture in those locations is necessary if one is to manage effectively. Some of the advantages of a cross cultural relationship at workplace are as follows - * Learn the skills required to overcome the potential hurdle race embedded in cultural differences and to leverage. * Attain the competencies to manage truly global teams. * Become a leader and motivate people at both interpersonal and organizational levels. Disadvantages Of Cross Cultural Relationship At Workplace However, there are some challenges that one faces in such a diverse work environment - * Communication is the key in workplace and when a person is in charge of across cultural team that can present him/her with umteen unique challenges in terms of language, dealing with accents and the different meaning of words in different countries. * In case of an organization rolling out a new tool or application that will require training, they need to consider how to provide training for people that are located in different countries and different time zones so that they all get the same message and are able to use the tools in the same way. One might also be subject to discrimination due to race, gender, language, etc. due to difference in opinion among various cultures. Why is it Important Many different places or areas in which cross-cultural management occurs and in which cross-cultural or intercultural communication plays a large role a) Management of organizations based in countries with different cultures to ones own, e. g. danish pastry companies operating in Japan, Vietnam, South Africa or elsewhere. Danish companies took up the cultural stereotype method.A cultural stereotype is a widely held, generalized and simpli?ed conception or image of a speci?c group of people. Stereotypes may be divided into stereotypes of self (auto-stereotypes) or stereotypes of others (Heterostereotypes). (The construction of stereotypes often serves as a way to create a group identity by establishing a positive image of self (in-groups) against less positive images of others (out-groups) . Stereotypes of national cultures and people, such as the Japanese, are group-oriented may be created and perpetuated through historical accounts and media representations. ) Management of organizations employing people from different cultures, e. g. IBM, Shell, Volvo. IBM has addressed these challenges with Shades of Blue, a blended training program involving both e-learning and a face-to-face learning lab using IBM-specific case studies and TMC-developed self-awareness tools (the Cultural Orientations Indicator)Line, etc. IBM firmly believes that cross-cultural competence is the glue that enables cohesiveness and collective performance. Culture is the seedbed for performance. In a high-performance environment of the global marketplace, culture is a strategic skill-set of leaders and managers.As IBM continues implementation of Shades of Blue, the power of multiculturalism will issue as a key to its competitive superiority in the global marketplace. c) Management of international organizations, e. g. , United Nations, European Union, World Health Organization, etc. cross cultural communication competency can only be truly achieved through cross cultural awareness training, language acquisition, foreign travel and cultural immersion there are some guidelines that can enhance your cross cultural communication skills.Conclusion In a world that offers global opportunities as well as global threats, understanding and managing cultural differences have become necessities. Mankind is faced with the dilemma of either sacrificing cultural diversity on the altar of globalisation or using intercultural dialogue to enrich the mutual knowledge of different cultures, a fundamental step towards guaranteeing the possibility of a fair world, in peace and harmon y, making full use of some of the instruments that globalisation has developed.Within the business context, cross cultural communication refers to interpersonal communication and interaction across different cultures. This has become an important issue in our age of globalisation and internationalisation. Effective cross cultural communication is concerned with overcoming cultural differences across nationality, religion, borders, culture and behaviour. Cross cultural communication is critical to the business world.The diversity of people in cities and countries means an element of cross cultural communication will ever so be needed whether it is between staff, colleagues, customers or clients. Awareness of cultural differences can favourably impact the success of a business. Improved staff interaction, better customer relations and effective client management are all areas that will reap benefits through cross cultural understanding. In todays global business environment, more an d more of us are required to understand people who come from countries and cultures different from our own.While there is no short and blue-blooded way to learn about a given culture in any depth, there are some general principles that lead to success in communicating and conducting business with people of backgrounds unlike our own. Flexibility, adaptability and open-mindedness are the route to successful cross cultural communication. Understanding, embracing and addressing cross cultural differences leads to the breaking of cultural barriers which results in better lines of communication, mutual trust and creative thinking.

Hierarchical in organization Essay

The most essential yet fundamental thing to remember with the Japanese in terms of communication channel is their giving implication to personal relationship first before business considerations. Putting enough time and resources for relationship building is necessary for achieving success in business. Japanese business structure is hierarchical in organization with specific roles to perform. Team work and group orientation are ways of life observed in only corporate life at all levels.The Japanese do not really engaged themselves in formal trainings on teambuilding they are just by nature collectivists that use the consensus approach in all issues of concern. Strength and purpose of any Japanese business organization came from the sense of belongingness. Involvement and commitment in the workplace are based primarily from compromise and collaboration in terms of decision making. Top-down approach, where the flow of information comes from subordinates and forwarded to higher-ups is the Japanese management style. Therefore, the constitution is always initiated at the middle management.This approach is advantageous, because everyone in the company took active involvement in the creation of rules and procedures. For the Japanese being a valuable tribal chief is not founded on having strong personality and being influential. Humbleness and non-aspiring must be the maintainable characters of any manager as he climbs the ladder of the hierarchy. A Japanese manager should always be available at all time and ready to contribute his expertise without hesitation to his people. Excellent management and teamwork dope be attained through a harmonious employer-employee rapport.In meetings, being punctual is a sign of respect for the Japanese. Although, it is very hard to conclude the finality of a decision in terms of time, because they always think in a consensus style, patience is much needed. Before the start of any meeting, attendees usually confabulation about non-business topics such as food, hobbies, and health etc to set up the relationship-building process, which is necessary for the success of the business meeting. Wa or harmony is at all times part of any meeting. Debates, confrontations and disagreements are to be avoided, though at time indispensable in searching for a solution.Since reaching a decision should put up with a process of consensus-building plus the conservation of Wa, endurance in time is really important. During serious meeting, bringing in humor is considered out of place. The biggest issue of handle when undertaking business transaction with Japanese is communication difficulties. What Japanese publicly says in words and what he really thinks is often contradictory that causes trouble and confusion to the non-Japanese in terms of conversation. Troubles in communication is made complex by the reality that few Japanese are good English conversant and foreigners as well do not speak good Japanese.In addition, Jap anese people hardly use body language, as they are very silent and unusual to make feedback. In order to check the situation it is necessary to ask several questions for understanding. To further clearly understand each other, clarification is beat to be undertaken in order to make problem-solving and decision-making prompt. Culture in Canada Canada, often referred to as nation of nations, is twice the geographical area of the United States with approximately 30 million people living in it. It was founded by the rich heritage of French and English with combination from non-French and English countries.Canada has two official languages, English and French. The earths national advantage is its cultural diversity, which is the reason for prohibiting bias against person on the basis of race, color, religion, or gender. Canada takes pleasure in a society that is exculpated and relatively free of class difference. Citizens of the country are proud that all of them enjoy equal rights a nd respect and dislike remarks that lack respect to anyone coming from a specific background. Canada has the highest per capita level of postsecondary education participation of any industrialized country.The entire universities are publicly funded institutions however students still shell out for tuition fees. field of study and provincial support programs are in place to lend a hand to students in postsecondary schooling. Christianity is the primary religion. The principal language in Canada is English. There are however, at least three varieties of French that are acknowledged Quebecois in Quebec, Franco-Manitoban all the way through Manitoba and for the most part in the St. boniface area of Winnipeg, and Acadian. The Italian language is the third language in Canada owing to a huge arrival of Italian immigrants after World War 2.

Legal System

The legislature cannot, according to our constitution, bind itself as to the form of resultant legislation, and it is impossible for Parliament to enact that in a subsequent mandate dealing with the same subject-matter there can be no implied repeal. If, in a subsequent Act, Parliament chooses to make it plain that the earlier statute is being to some extent repealed, effect must be given to that tendency just because it is the will of the legislature. (per Maugham LJ in Ellen Street Estates Ltd v Minister of health 1934).We should recognise a hierarchy of Acts of Parliament as it were ordinary statutes and constitutional statutes. Ordinary statutes may be impliedly repealed. Constitutional statutes may not. For the repeal of a constitutional Act or the abrogation of a fundamental right to be effected by statute, the court would apply this test is it shown that the legislatures actual not imputed, constructive or presumed intention was to effect the repeal or abrogation?I th ink the test could only be met by express words in the later statute, or by words so specific that the inference of an actual determination to effect the result contended for was irresistible. The ordinary rule of implied repeal does not satisfy this test. Accordingly, it has no application to constitutional statutes. A constitutional statute can only be repealed by unambiguous words on the face of the later statute. per Laws LJ in Thoburn v Sunderland Council 2002).In the light of these judicial statements, discuss how (if at all) the philosophical system of Parliamentary Sovereignty may be said to have altered because of changes to the doctrine of implied repeal. Consider also the effect of increased secondary legislation, devolution, membership of the EU and adoption of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty

Corporate Reputation Essay

The respondents also recognize the internet as the best avenue for making virtuosos corporate well-disposed tariff known to the public. Ninety five percent of the respondents (95%) confide that the internet is the best avenue for making ones corporate responsibility known whilst only five percent believe that there are other conference strategies that could be aimd in making ones corporate social responsibility known.Although the respondents answer vary when asked why corporate social responsibility is important, they all believe in the fact that this is important for a indisputable organization, thus one c percent (100%) of the respondents believe that this should be inherent in most organizations. They also believe in the importance of public practices in order to make the public aware of corporate social responsibility, which could be essential to the success of their businesses.One hundred percent of the respondents also show that based on their experience, public relatio ns played a very important role in changing the examine of their company that significantly affects the profit they receive. Public relations, after all tremendously alter businesses. People tend to get move when an image of a certain company is positively shown which then significantly affects sale of products and or services. ? As seen in this study, corporate social responsibility is essential in increasing the internet of most corporations.The concept of corporate reputation has been extensively investigated in the fields of economics (Shapiro, 1983 Wilson, 1985 Kreps & Wilson, 1982 Milgrom & Roberts, 1982, 1986) and corporate strategy (Weigelt & Carnerer, 1988 Fombrum, & Shanley, 1990 Shamsie, 2003). Herbig and Milewicz (1995, p. 18) have defined reputation as an tenderness of the consistency over time of an attribute of an entity, and emphasize the fact that an organization can have several reputations, one for each attribute such as price, product quality, innovativeness, management quality or a global reputation.The development of reputation research is based on the vision of imperfect information in which actors depend on proxies and signals to make logical assumptions about the intentions and rising behaviors of other actors (Fombrum & Shanley, 1990). Thus, reputation models presume a strong coupling between past actions and incoming expectations, and organizational attributes and the assessment of firms (Weigelt & Camerer, 1988).The importance of corporate reputation in the management field is dependent on the fact that corporate audiences routinely rely on the reputations of organizations in making investment decisions, career decisions and product choices (Dowling, 1986). In addition, reputational advantages that are borne out of informational asymmetries can provide firms with a valuable resource that they can use against their rivals for a relatively long period of time (Shamsie, 2003).The intangible nature of reputation, its rarity and social complexity, makes it hard to trade and copy therefore, reputation can consecrate significantly to performance differences among organizations (Barney, 1991 Peteraf, 1993). Corporate Trustworthiness The importance of the concept of swanworthiness is closely linked to the development of trust and trusting behavior literature. Trusting behavior suggests permitting oneself to be in a potentially vulnerable position relative to another, while possessing some knowledge of the other that inspires trust in his goodwill i.e. in his good intentions (Blomqvist, 1997). Thus, risk and some information about the potentially trusted person or situation are seen as necessary conditions for trust to make it (Lewis & Weiger, 1985 Oakes, 1990). This information about the potentially trusted person can be used to deduct the future tense behavior of the person. Along the same line, Good (1988) indicated that trust is based on expectations of how another person will behave, based on that perso ns present and past implicit and explicit claims.In a convertible position, Mayer, Davis & Schoorman (1995), in their comprehensive research, determined more than ten different individual and organizational traits that lead to trust, resuming these concepts into three constructs ability, benevolence and integrity. In a similar setting, Blomqvist (1997) identified two main dimensions of trustworthiness, named competence and goodwill. Competence encompasses technical capabilities, skills and know-how, while goodwill suggests moral responsibility and positive intentions towards the others.Nonetheless, these organizational traits are hard to chance on directly, making difficult the evaluations of corporate trustworthiness (Barney & Hansen, 1994). These concepts can be very essential to companies who would want to increase their profits. It is because of this that this study gives importance to public relations in making corporate social responsibility known to the general public. Publ ic relations, after all tremendously alter businesses.People tend to get impressed when an image of a certain company is positively shown which then significantly affects sale of products and or services. Findings For majority of the companies who served as samples for this study, the issues related to CSR are of great importance. This is limpid as most of the company websites examined have devoted a section dedicated to corporate social responsibility/corporate citizenship/sustainable development issues and that these sections are usually found in the most relevant levels of their websites, majority can be found in the home page.Obviously, the presence of this section shows the explicit recognition of the said issues. In the same manner, this serves as the companies recognition of the importance of corporate social responsibility on their corporate websites. They also place them between the secant and third hierarchical levels which again reveal their importance. However, it is also obvious enough that these corporations have not maximized their use of communication strategies in making their social responsibility known.Recommendations For future researchers on the said topic, the author of this study recommends a case study focusing on the patrons of the aforementioned companies instead of the representatives of each organization. Through this, future research could give importance to the perception of the public on the said topic. It is also through this that one could prove that corporate social responsibility, displayed in the websites, sincerely yours provide a legitimating activity for the organization in the society.In the same manner, the public could also share their opinions and views on corporate responsibility, how important it is for them and how it affects their loyalty to a certain organization. The author of this study also recommends a case study of two different companies with different backgrounds on corporate social responsibility. In doing so, future researchers would look at how profits were affected because of publishing their CSR over the internet.It is also recommended that future researchers look into the disadvantages being faced by companies (if there are any) who do not publish their corporate social responsibility over the World Wide Web. For another research that shall look into public relations, it is recommended to look into the other communication strategies that companies use in making their consumers aware of their corporate social responsibility. Lastly, the author also recommends a study that would look into the best way of transmitting social responsibility messages to the public. A case study of such could help companies in making their businesses better.This could also help companies in devising strategies that would be beneficial to their businesses, ensuring that the silver they reserve for public relations and corporate social responsibility shall be maximized and in the same way that the ir programs would be advantageous to their businesses.ReferencesBecker, B. E. & Huselid, M. A. 1998. Human resources strategies, complementarities and firm performance. cover presented to the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, July. Berle, A. Jr and Means, G. C. 1968. The Modern Corporation and Private Property, Macmillan, New York, NY. https//www.bsr.org/

Critical Thinking Essay

Today is the era of information culture and most facts come from faultfinding persuasion. More and more(prenominal) people argon faced regularly with information they have to make proper decisions about. small view is the vital component of decision-making process and business world. minute thinking is defined as the process of determining the accuracy, authenticity and worth of data and information, arguments, knowledge and claims. Critical thinking is generating, analyzing and examining ideas, cultivation to be cautious and sympathetic, learning to manipulate.The key read/write head of critical thinking is to find and marshal good arguments and information, to avoid distortion and manipulation, to define truth and fallacies before product advertising. Actually, it helps expert to check new approaches, to attract new customers and to retain the power on the old ones. Decision-making should be critical in its thinking and deliver properly selected and analyzed promotional pla ns, find technical solutions to existing problems, design new production lines, etc. (Feldman 2002)The purpose of critical thinking is rather three-fold it has to be relevant to the segment of grade market it has to be memorable and recognizable beyond the moment of its exposure it has to attract attention of indented viewer. In decision-making process critical thinking is a fertile and lateral force, because it allows to examine all ideas and arguments, to separate the ideas from their vehicles, to define false from true, and to separate accurate from distorted, incomplete from complete, etc. (Harris 1998) Example from Personal ExperienceI very appreciate the role of critical thinking in decision-making process. Sometimes, decision may seem less effective, though in perspective it will appear a winning one. Such situation happened to me. Once I had been working at confectionery. The idea was to put cake mixes on the market and manufacturers decided to put the highest flavor int o mixes. Women were required simply to add water, but, unfortunately, mixes fail to be sold good. I had to refer to my critical thinking to realize the women might feel guilty for non being good wives as they had to take shortcut to make a cake.I thought it would be better to take off milk and nut as it would allow women to do something. Despite the fact that solution appeared to less efficient in theoretical terms, it was more practical. It was the first time I admitted the richness of critical thinking in decision-making. (Harris 1998) Benefits and Importance of Critical Thinking Critical thinking gives business experts and employees an opportunity to sire new fresh solutions to problems. Critical thinking gives the possibility to enjoy analyzing data and information and then to develop opinions and conclusions.In many cases employees analyze what is wrong with the idea or on-going process and then get wind to point out how to make this process right. Critical thinking in dec ision-making is used when it is necessary to increase brand loyalty, to increase visibility and awareness of the goods and work that are being delivered, to stimulate increase in sales, to create opportunities to display products, to be socially responsible, and to entertain customers and prospects. (Harris 1998) Critical thinking is used when it is required to develop the habit of analyzing and to think about problematic issues instead of reacting to them.Thus, critical thinking sets them apart and then sees what is going on with them. One more benefit of critical thinking is developing attention. Critical thinking is necessary when paying attention to the opportunities opened ahead. It is a matter of fact that many original ideas are bemused because of lack of attention and lazy attitude towards information. Critical thinking helps employees to find the best words and phrases to create a strong impression and impact on customers. Further, critical thinking develops awareness in decision-making process.It means that employees are able to look a round and to encompass the universe of thought. Employees possessing developed critical thinking wont be fixed within the narrow confines of own perspective. They will be aware of divergent approaches available to problem solving. Critical thinking unitedly with strong imagination is the best combination for a strong leader, because they allow him/her to play with data and to sort it in many polar ways. Simply saying, critical thinking is optimistic curiosity, because really critically thinking employees want to know things.(Feldman 2002) Critical leaders are able to view contend arguments with interest and sympathy. They prefer to listen thoughtfully and patiently to other workers and consider them carefully. Therefore, critical thinking provides them with knowledge what is going on in information hostelry and with possible ways of verbal and non-verbal manipulations. They will create different meanings and imp ressions. It is a matter of fact that critical thinking gives the opportunity to form independent judgments that are based good evidence.Critically thinking people are able to not only to collect necessary data, but also to put them together into something new and meaningful. (Feldman 2002) Critical thinking is necessary for decision-making process, because it gives excellent possibilities to expand their own boundaries of thoughts and to broaden their ideas and perspectives in many ways by talking to people whose point of view is completely different, by listening to customers with respect to their needs and desires, by reading books and articles with deeper understanding of changes in society, by understanding different lifestyle and different cultures.(Harris 1998) Critical thinking is useful for driving growth in corporate and social marketing strategies, for building and maintaining markets and to make positive social contribution. What is more all important(predicate) is that critical thinking is the showcase of social responsibility.Employees with critical thinking can find ways how to increase influence and impact on customers behavior and how to moderate ethical reputation of the company or organization. (Feldman 2002) References Feldman, Daniel. (2002). Critical Thinking Strategies for Decision Making. Boston, MA Thomson Place. Harris, Robert. (1998, July 1). Introduction to Critical Thinking. Retrieved January 30, 2007, from http//www. virtualsalt. com/crebook1. htm

Brown v. Board of Education

In the broad scope of the hundreds of thousands of cases decided by the United States positive Court in decades past, few measure up to the historical significance of Brown v. shape up of pedagogics. The decision of the settle in this particular dispute ch entirelyenged the mainstream views of the people of our country, changing the times, and shaping the future of America. Not exclusively did the Courts judgement protect the rights of millions of African American students in our country, moreover Brown v.Board of command launched the civil rights movement that produced the America we know today. Had the judges ruled other than the way they did, one can only imagine how the history of our country would have played out, or how different our nation would be as a result. In the years leading up to the 1950s, as a whole, the people of our country were severely discriminative towards the African American race. race of different colors were forced to shop in steal stores, eat in s eparate restaurants, live on opposite sides of town, and even drink from different water fountains.The same held true for the public rail system, which unfairly segregated students according to their color based on the laws that Brown v Board of gentility changed. Tragically, the schools reserved for white children were in far better condition than the schools for those of the minority, usually lacking decent books and properly trained teachers, and often teaching an inadequate computer program (The Brown Foundation).It is no surprise then that the affliction of these minority students did not settle well with the race as a whole, and in 1951, after keen-sighted suffering, four complaints were filed in four separate states against their respective school boards (Brown v. Board 486). As summarized by The Brown Foundation, the first action arose out of Delaware, where the segregated schools were comfortably unequal. There, black students were bused from their homes to schools hou rs away, rather than attending the schools for white children where they lived.After being denied access to the white schools near their homes, suit was filed. The second case came from Topeka, Kansas, where the number of white schools greatly outnumbered the keep down of black schools. As a result, parents in Topeka tried to enroll their black children in white schools, only to be denied. The third case was filed in South Carolina, where the schools were also substantially unequal. When the parents of black children filed suit against their school board, the Court ordered that the schools be equalized. The schools however, refused to comply. The final case arose out of Virginia.There the schools were far too dwarfish to accommodate the number of students that attended them, and once again were grossly inadequate, lacking even indoor plumbing. After suit was filed locally, the school board was ordered to arouse the segregated schools equal, however black children still were not a dmitted in to white schools (The Brown Foundation). The facts regarding each case were different, but the issue at hand was the same, new(a) African American children had been denied access to the schools reserved for their white counterparts per the laws that were written to protect them from such injustices.The very government that was intended to protect their rights and freedoms denied the relief of the children, holding to the separate but equal philosophy of Plessy v. Ferguson. That doctrine stated that the separation of black and white students was within the law, so long as the segregated schools were equal. After frustration in federal district courts, on appeal, the four cases were consolidated into what is known as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, to be heard in The Supreme Court in 1952 (Brown v. Board 487,488).The Supreme Court Justices looked in depth at the fourteenth amendment, more specifically the right of the equal protection of the laws that the fourteen th amendment guaranteed to all Americans, of which the minority children claimed that they were deprived of. The justices pondered the question, Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other tangible factors whitethorn be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? (Brown v.Board 493). The Justices addressed the equality of the education in public schools overall, throwing out the idea that if books, desks, and classrooms were similar, then children accredited an equal education. Considering the fact that separated black children are educated in a way that makes them feel inferior to white children, the Court held that the feelings of inferiority, which were enforced by the laws of our country, effected the driving force behind the students that urged them to learn and therefore to receive an equal education.On May 17, 1954, the Court ruled that the separate but eq ual doctrine was irrelevant when it came to education, thus holding that the segregation of students based on race did in fact violate the rights set forth by the fourteenth amendment (Brown v. Board 495). Then a few weeks later, on May 31, the last day of the term, the judges elaborated on their decision, ordering that the desegregation of schools take place with all deliberate speed (The interior(a) Archives). As news of the Courts decision spread across America, as expected, people of the white race were super unhappy.Rather than doing as the Justices had ordered, most states simply refused to comply with their judgment. The years following proved to be a battle for the African American race. Brown v. Board of Education seemed to affect the race as whole rather than only the students who longed to attend equal schools. In Virginia, the Governor shut down all public schools in an attempt to avoid their desegregation. Instead of simply allowing the black children access, the stat e issued vouchers to white families so they could send their children to private schools, leaving the black children without any education at all.In Arkansas, the National Guard had to accompany several black students, whom we now recognize as The Little Rock Nine, on their walk into a newly desegregated school as white students verbally and physically abused them. To prolong the desegregation, states attempted to enforce a freedom of choice theory. By which black students had the choice of attending any school they wanted in the district. Nevertheless, when parents sent their minority children to white schools, they were tortured by angry whites, who threatened them and even burnt crosses in their yards.The National Education Association estimates that in the decade following the landmark Supreme Court decision, nearly 38,000 black educators lost their jobs (The National Education Association). With the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, it seemed the minority had won the battl e unfortunately the war was far from over. What ensued following Brown v. Board of Education was one of the most imperative mood eras in the history of our country, what we now call the civil rights movement. The judges who ruled in the case could not have predicted the relevancy of their verdict, nor the out baffle that would eventually come to pass.Brown v. Board of Education has proven to be a case that greatly impacted the lives of millions of African Americans and the freedoms that all people, despite their race, now experience every day. whole shebang Cited The Brown Foundation, Brown v. Board of Education About the Case. The Brown Foundation. 11 Apr 2004. The Brown Foundation. 29 Apr 2008 . The National Archives, Timeline of Events Leading to the Brown v. Board of Education Decision, 1954. The National Archives. 2008. The Federal Government. 30 Apr 2008 . The National Education Association, 50th Anniversary, Brown v. Board of Education. Public Schools for Every Child. 20 08. The National Education Association. 30 Apr 2008 . Patterson, James. Brown v. Board of Education A Civil Rights Milestone and its Troubled Legacy. Oxford, New York Oxford University Press, 2001. The United States Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. United States Reports 483 (1954) 486-496. 29 Apr 2008 .

Bloodlines Chapter One

I couldnt breathe. at that place was a hand covering my mouth and an a nonher(prenominal) shudder my shoulder, startling me out of a heavy sleep. A thousand frantic thoughts dashed d maven my psyche in the space of a single heartbeat. It was happening. My worst nightmare was coming true.Theyre here Theyve come for meMy eyeb altogether blinked, staring wildly just about the dark manner until my forefathers face came into focus. I stilled my thrashing, thoroughly confused. He permit go and stepped back to regard me coldly. I sat up in the bed, my heart still pounding. daddy?Sydney. You wouldnt wake up.Naturally, that was his entirely apology for s political machineing me to death.You need to get dressed and make yourself presentable, he continued. Quickly and quietly. date me set ashorestairs in the force field.I felt my eyes widen unless didnt hesitate with a response. there was only oneness acceptable answer. Yes, sir. Of course.Ill go wake your sister. He morose for the introduction, and I leapt out of bed.Zoe? I exclaimed. What do you need her for?Shh, he chastised. Hurry up and get ready. And remember be quiet. Dont wake your m other.He exclude the door without a nonher word, leaving me staring. The panic that had only just subsided began to surge within me again. What did he need Zoe for? A late-night wake-up meant Alchemist business, and she had nothing to do with that. Technically, neither did I both oft, not since Id been put on enigmatic suspension for bad behavior this summer. What if thats what this was about? What if I was finally being interpreted to a re-education subject matter and Zoe was replacing me?For a moment, the world swam around me, and I caught hold of my bed to steady myself. Re-education centers. They were the stuff of nightmares for progeny Alchemists interchangeable me, mysterious places where those who grew too close to vampires were dragged off to learn the errors of their ways. What exactly went on there was a mysterious, one I neer wanted to find out. I was pretty incontestable re-education was a decent way of takeing brainwashing. Id only ever seen one person who had come back, and honestly, hed seemed handle half a person after that. Thered been an al near zombielike quality to him, and I didnt even want to think about what they competency obligate done to make him that way.My fathers urging to hurry up echoed back through my opinion, and I tried to shake off my fears. Remembering his other warning, I also make sure I go silently. My mother was a light sleeper. Normally, it wouldnt matter if she caught us freeing off on Alchemist errands, scarcely lately, she hadnt been signature so benevolently toward her husbands (and daughters) employers. Ever since angry Alchemists had deposited me on my parents doorstep final month, this household had held all the mania of a prison camp. Terrible arguments had gone down between my parents, and my sister Zoe and I often rig ourselves tiptoeing around.Zoe.Why does he need Zoe?The question burned through me as I scurried to get ready. I knew what presentable meant. Throwing on jeans and a T-shirt was out of the question. Instead, I tugged on gray slacks and a crisp, color only whenton-down shirt. A darker, charcoal gray cardigan went over it, which I cinched neatly at my waist with a grisly belt. A small gold cross the one I always wore around my get to a go at it was the only ornamentation I ever bothe reddened with.My hair was a slightly bigger problem. however after only 2 hours of sleep, it was already qualifying in every direction. I smoothed it down as outflank I could and then coated it with a thick layer of hair scatter in the hopes that it would get me through whatever was to come. A light dusting of pulverize was the only makeup I put on. I had no time for allthing more.The entire process took me all of six minutes, which qualification throw off been a new record for me. I sprin ted down the stairs in perfect silence, careful, again, to avoid waking my mother. The living room was dark, but light spilled out past the not-quite-shut door of my fathers find out. Taking that as an invitation, I pushed the door open and slipped inside. A hushed conversation stopped at my entrance. My father eyed me from straits to toe and fileed his approval at my appearance in the way he knew best by evidently withholding criticism.Sydney, he severalise brusquely. I believe you k now Donna Stanton.The formidable Alchemist stood near the window, arms cut through, feeling as tough and lean as I remembered. Id spent a lot of time with Stanton recently, though I would hardly say we were friends especially since certain actions of mine had ended up putting the two of us under a sort of vampire house arrest. If she harbored any resentment toward me, she didnt show it, though. She nodded to me in polite greeting, her face all business.Three other Alchemists were there as wel l, all men. They were introduced to me as Barnes, Michaelson, and Horowitz. Barnes and Michaelson were my father and Stantons maturate. Horowitz was younger, mid-twenties, and was setting up a tattooists tools. All of them were dressed like me, wearing business casual habilitate in nondescript colors. Our goal was always to look nice but not attract notice. The Alchemists had been contend Men in Black for centuries, long before humans dreamed of life on other worlds. When the light hit their faces the right way, from each one Alchemist displayed a lily tattoo identical to mine.Again, my unease grew. Was this approximately kind of interrogation? An assessment to see if my decision to divine service a renegade half-vampire girlfriend meant my loyalties had changed? I crossed my arms over my chest and schooled my face to neutrality, hoping I looked cool and confident. If I still had a expectation to plead my subject area, I intended to present a solid one.Before anyone could u tter another word, Zoe entered. She shut the door behind her and peered around in terror, her eyes wide. Our fathers study was huge hed built an addition on to our house for it and it easily held all the occupants. yet as I watched my sister take in the scene, I knew she felt stifled and trapped. I met her eyes and tried to send a silent message of sympathy. It must have worked because she scurried to my side, looking only fractionally less hangdog.Zoe, express my father. He let her name hang in the air in this way he had, making it clear to both of us that he was disappointed. I could immediately guess wherefore. She wore jeans and an old sweatshirt and had her brown hair in two cute but dingy braids. By any other persons standards, she would have been presentable but not by his. I felt her huddle together against me, and I tried to make myself taller and more comfortive. After making sure his condemnation was felt, our father introduced Zoe to the others. Stanton gave h er the analogous polite nod shed given me and then turned toward my father.I dont understand, Jared, verbalize Stanton. Which one of them are you going to use?Well, thats the problem, my father said. Zoe was requested . . . but Im not sure shes ready. In fact, I live on she isnt. Shes only had the nigh basic of training. But in light of Sydneys recent . . . experiences . . .My mind immediately began to pull the pieces together. First, and most importantly, it seemed I wasnt going to be sent to a re-education center. non yet, at to the lowest degree. This was about fewthing else. My earlier distrust was correct. There was some mission or task afoot, and someone wanted to sub in Zoe because she, dissimilar certain other members of her family, had no history of betraying the Alchemists. My father was right that shed only received basic instruction. Our jobs were hereditary, and I had been chosen years ago as the next Alchemist in the Sage family. My older sister, Carly, had be en passed over and was now away at college and too old. Hed taught Zoe as backup instead, in the event something happened to me, like a car accident or vampire mauling.I stepped forward, not knowing what I was going to say until I speak. The only thing I knew for sure was that I could not let Zoe get sucked into the Alchemists schemes. I feared for her galosh more than I did going to a re-education center and I was pretty afraid of that. I spoke to a committee about my actions after they happened, I said. I was under the impression that they understood why I did the things I did. Im fully qualified to serve in whatever way you need a good deal more so than my sister. I have real-world experience. I know this job inside and out.A elflike too untold real-world experience, if memory serves, said Stanton dryly.I for one would like to hear these reasons again, said Barnes, utilise his fingers to make air quotes. Im not thrilled about tossing a half- deft girl out there, but I al so find it hard to believe someone who aided a vampire criminal is fully qualified to serve. More pretentious air quotes.I smiled back pleasantly, masking my anger. If I showed my true emotions, it wouldnt help my case. I understand, sir. But Rose Hathaway was eventually proven innocent of the crime shed been accused of. So, I wasnt technically aiding a criminal. My actions eventually helped find the real murderer.Be that as it may, we and you didnt know she was innocent at the time, he said.I know, I said. But I believed she was.Barnes snorted. And theres the problem. You shouldve believed what the Alchemists told you, not run off with your own far-fetched theories. At the very least, you shouldve interpreted what evidence youd gathered to your superiors.Evidence? How could I explain that it wasnt evidence that had driven me to help Rose so much as a feeling in my gut that she was telling the truth? But that was something I knew theyd never understand. All of us were trained to b elieve the worst of her kind. Telling them that I had seen truth and truth in her wouldnt help my cause here. Telling them that Id been blackmailed into helping her by another vampire was an even worse explanation. There was only one argument that the Alchemists might perhaps be able to comprehend.I . . . I didnt tell anyone because I wanted to get all the credit for it. I was hoping that if I uncovered it, I could get a promotion and a better assignment.It took every ounce of self-control I had to say that lie straight-faced. I felt humiliated at making such an admission. As though opposition would rightfully drive me to such extreme behaviors It made me feel sveltey and shallow. But, as Id suspected, this was something the other Alchemists could understand.Michaelson snorted. Misguided, but not entirely unexpected for her age.The other men shared equally condescending looks, even my father. provided Stanton looked doubtful, but then, shed witnessed more of the fiasco than t hey had.My father glanced among the others, waiting for further comment. When none came, he shrugged. If no one has any objections, then, Id rather we use Sydney. Not that I even entirely understand what you need her for. There was a slightly acc dupeisation tone in his voice over not having been filled in yet. Jared Sage didnt like to be left out of the loop.I have no problem with using the older girl, said Barnes. But keep the younger one around until the others get here, in case they have any objections. I wondered how many others would be joining us. My fathers study was no stadium. Also, the more hatful who came, the more important this case likely was. My skin grew cold as I wondered what the assignment could possibly be. Id seen the Alchemists cover up major disasters with only one or two people. How colossal would something have to be to require this much help?Horowitz spoke up for the first time. What do you want me to do?Re-ink Sydney, said Stanton decisively. Even if sh e doesnt go, it wont hurt to have the spells reinforced. No point in inking Zoe until we know what were doing with her.My eyes flicked to my sisters noticeably severe and pale cheeks. Yes. As long as there was no lily there, she was free. Once the tattoo was emblazoned on your skin, there was no going back. You belonged to the Alchemists.The reality of that had only hit me in the last year or so. Id for certain never realized it while growing up. My father had dazzled me from a very young age about the rightness of our duty. I still believed in that rightness but wished hed also mentioned just how much of my life it would consume.Horowitz had set up a folding table on the far side of my fathers study. He patted it and gave me a friendly smile.Step right up, he told me. Get your ticket.Barnes shot him a disapproving look. Please. You could show a little respect for this ritual, David.Horowitz merely shrugged. He helped me lie down, and though I was too afraid of the others to op enly smile back, I hoped my gratitude showed in my eyes. Another smile from him told me he understood. Turning my head, I watched as Barnes reverently set a black briefcase on a side table. The other Alchemists gathered around and clasped their hands together in front of them. He must be the hierophant, I realized. Most of what the Alchemists did was grow in science, but a few tasks required divine assistance. After all, our core mission to protect humanity was rooted in the belief that vampires were unnatural and went against Gods plan. Thats why hierophants our priests worked side by side with our scientists.Oh Lord, he intoned, closing his eyes. Bless these elixirs. Remove the taint of the evil they carry so that their life-giving power shines through purely to us, your servants.He opened the briefcase and removed four small vials, each filled with dark red liquid. Labels that I couldnt read marked each one. With a steady hand and practiced eye, Barnes poured precise amounts f rom each vial into a larger bottle. When hed used all four, he produced a tiny packet of powder that he emptied into the rest of the mix. I felt a tingle in the air, and the bottles contents turned to gold. He handed the bottle to Horowitz, who stood ready with a needle. Everyone relaxed, the ceremonial part complete.I obediently turned away, exposing my cheek. A moment later, Horowitzs shadow fell over me. This will sting a little, but nothing like when you originally got it. Its just a touch-up, he explained kindly.I know, I said. Id been re-inked before. Thanks.The needle pricked my skin, and I tried not to wince. It did sting, but like hed said, Horowitz wasnt creating a new tattoo. He was simply injecting small amounts of the ink into my existing tattoo, recharging its power. I took this as a good sign. Zoe might not be out of hazard yet, but sure enough they wouldnt go to the trouble of re-inking me if they were just going to send me to a re-education center.Can you brief us on whats happening while were waiting? asked my father. All I was told was that you involve a teen girl. The way he said teen girl made it with child(p) like a disposable role. I fought back a wave of anger at my father. Thats all we were to him. We have a situation, I heard Stanton say. Finally, Id get some answers. With the Moroi.I breathed a small sigh of relief. Better them than the Strigoi. Any situation the Alchemists faced always composite one of the vampire ranges, and Id take the living, non-killing ones any day. They almost seemed human at times (though Id never tell anyone here that) and lived and died like we did. Strigoi, however, were twisted freaks of nature. They were undead, murderous vampires created either when a Strigoi forcibly made a victim drink its blood or when a Moroi purposely took the life of another through blood drinking. A situation with the Strigoi usually ended with someone dead.All sorts of possible scenarios played through my mind as I conside red what issue had prompted action from the Alchemists tonight a human who had noticed someone with fangs, a affluent who had escaped and gone public, a Moroi treated by human doctors. . . . Those were the kinds of problems we Alchemists faced the most, ones I had been trained to distribute and cover up with ease. Why they would need a teenage girl for any of those, however, was a mystery.You know that they elective their girl queen last month, said Barnes. I could practically see him rolling his eyes.Everyone in the room murmured affirmatively. Of course they knew about that. The Alchemists paid careful attention to the political goings-on of the Moroi. Knowing what vampires were doing was crucial to keeping them secret from the rest of humanity and keeping the rest of humanity safe from them. That was our purpose, to protect our brethren. Know thy enemy was taken very seriously with us. The girl the Moroi had elected queen, Vasilisa Dragomir, was eighteen, just like me.Dont te nse, said Horowitz gently.I hadnt realized I had been. I tried to relax, but thinking of Vasilisa Dragomir made me think of Rose Hathaway. Uneasily, I wondered if maybe I shouldnt have been so quick to assume I was out of trouble here. Mercifully, Barnes simply unploughed going with the story, not mentioning my indirect connection to the girl queen and her associates.Well, as shocking as that is to us, its been just as shocking to some of their own people. Theres been a lot of protests and dissidence. No ones tried to attack the Dragomir girl, but thats probably because shes so well guarded. Her enemies, it seems, have therefore found a work-around her sister.Jill, I said, verbalise before I could stop myself. Horowitz tsked me for moving, and I immediately regretted drawing attention to myself and my knowledge of the Moroi. Nevertheless, an image of Jillian Mastrano flashed into my mind, tall and annoyingly slim like all Moroi, with big, pale green eyes that always seemed nervous . And she had good reason to be. At fifteen, Jill had observed she was Vasilisas illegitimate sister, making her the only other member of their royal familys line. She too was tied to the mess Id gotten myself into this summer.You know their laws, continued Stanton, after a moment of awkward silence. Her tone conveyed what we all thought of Moroi laws. An elected crowned head? It made no sense, but what else could one expect from unnatural beings like vampires? And Vasilisa must have one family member in order to hold her throne. Therefore, her enemies have decided if they cant directly remove her, theyll remove her family.A chill ran down my spine at the unspoken meaning, and I again commented without thinking. Did something happen to Jill? This time, Id at least chosen a moment when Horowitz was refilling his needle, so there was no danger of messing up the tattoo.I bit my lip to prevent myself from saying anything else, imagining the chastisement in my fathers eyes. Showing conc ern for a Moroi was the last thing I wanted to do, considering my uncertain status. I didnt have any strong attachment to Jill, but the thought of someone trying to kill a fifteen-year-old girl the same age as Zoe was appalling, no matter what race she belonged to.Thats whats unclear, Stanton mused. She was attacked, we know that much, but we cant tell if she received any real injury. Regardless, shes fine now, but the attempt happened at their own Court, indicating they have traitors at high levels.Barnes snorted in freak out. What can you expect? How their comic race has managed to survive as long as they have without turning on each other is beyond me.There were mutters of agreement.Ridiculous or not, though, we cannot have them in civil war, said Stanton. Some Moroi have acted out in protest, enough that theyve caught the attention of human media. We cant allow that. We need their government stable, and that means ensuring this girls safety. maybe they cant trust themselves , but they can trust us.There was no use in my pointing out that the Moroi didnt really trust the Alchemists. But, since we had no interest in killing off the Moroi monarch or her family, I alleged(a) that made us more trustworthy than some.We need to make the girl disappear, said Michaelson. At least until the Moroi can undo the law that makes Vasilisas throne so precarious. Hiding Mastrano with her own people isnt safe at the moment, so we need to conceal her among humans. Disdain dripped from his words. But its imperative she also remains concealed from humans. Our race cannot know theirs exists.After consultation with the guardians, weve chosen a location we all believe will be safe for her both from Moroi and Strigoi, said Stanton. However, to make sure she and those with her remain undetected, were going to need Alchemists on hand, use solely to her needs in case any complications come up.My father scoffed. Thats a waste of our resources. Not to mention unbearable for who ever has to stay with her.I had a bad feeling about what was coming.This is where Sydney comes in, said Stanton. Wed like her to be one of the Alchemists that accompanies Jillian into hide.What? exclaimed my father. You cant be serious.Why not? Stantons tone was calm and level. Theyre close in age, so being together wont raise suspicion. And Sydney already knows the girl. Surely spending time with her wont be as unbearable as it might be for other Alchemists.The subtext was loud and clear. I wasnt free of my past, not yet. Horowitz paused and lifted the needle, allowing me the chance to speak. My mind raced. Some response was expected. I didnt want to sound too upset by the plan. I needed to restore my good name among the Alchemists and show my willingness to follow orders. That being said, I also didnt want to sound as though I were too comfortable with vampires or their half-human counterparts, the dhampirs.Spending time with any of them is never fun, I said carefully, keeping my voice cool and haughty. Doesnt matter how much you do it. But Ill do whatevers necessary to keep us and everyone else safe. I didnt need to explain that everyone meant humans.There, you see, Jared? Barnes sounded pleased with the answer. The girl knows her duty. Weve made a number of arrangements already that should make things run smoothly, and we certainly wouldnt send her there alone especially since the Moroi girl wont be alone either.What do you mean? My father still didnt sound happy about any of this, and I wondered what was upsetting him the most. Did he truly think I might be in danger? Or was he simply worried that spending more time with the Moroi would turn my loyalties even more? How many of them are coming?Theyre sending a dhampir, said Michaelson. One of their guardians, which I really dont have a problem with. The location weve chosen should be Strigoi free, but if its not, better they fight those monsters than us. The guardians were specially trained dhampirs w ho served as bodyguards.There you are, Horowitz told me, stepping back. You can sit up.I obeyed and resisted the urge to touch my cheek. The only thing I felt from his work was the needles sting, but I knew powerful legerdemain was working its way through me, magic that would give me a superhuman immune system and prevent me from speaking about vampire affairs to ordinary humans. I tried not to think about the other part, about where that magic came from. The tattoos were a necessary evil.The others were still standing, not paying attention to me well, except for Zoe. She still looked confused and afraid and kept glancing anxiously my way.There also may be another Moroi coming along, continued Stanton. Honestly, Im not sure why, but they were very insistent he be with Mastrano. We told them the fewer of them we had to hide, the better, but . . . well, they seemed to think it was necessary and said theyd make arrangements for him there. I think hes some Ivashkov. Irrelevant.Where is there? asked my father. Where do you want to send her?Excellent question. Id been query the same thing. My first full-time job with the Alchemists had sent me halfway around the world, to Russia. If the Alchemists were intent on hiding Jill, there was no telling what remote location theyd send her to. For a moment, I dared to hope we might end up in my dream city Rome. Legendary works of art and Italian regimen seemed like a good way to offset paperwork and vampires.Palm Springs, said Barnes.Palm Springs? I echoed. That was not what Id been expecting. When I thought of Palm Springs, I thought of movie stars and golf courses. Not exactly a Roman holiday, but not the Arctic either.A small, wry smile tugged at Stantons lips. Its in the withdraw from and receives a lot of sunlight. Completely undesirable for Strigoi.Wouldnt it be undesirable for Moroi too? I asked, thinking ahead. Moroi didnt set fire to in the sun like Strigoi, but excessive exposure to it still made Moroi weak and sick.Well, yes, admitted Stanton. But a little discomfort is worth the safety it provides. So long as the Moroi spend most of their time inside, it wont be a problem. Plus, itll discourage other Moroi from coming and The sound of a car door opening and slamming outside the window caught everyones attention. Ah, said Michaelson. There are the others. Ill let them in.He slipped out of the study and presumably headed toward the front door to admit whoever had arrived. Moments later, I heard a new voice speaking as Michaelson returned to us.Well, Dad couldnt make it, so he just sent me, the new voice was saying.The study door opened, and my heart stopped.No, I thought. Anyone but him.Jared, said the newcomer, catching sight of my father. Great to see you again.My father, who had only spared me a glance all night, actually smiled. Keith Id been wondering how youve been.The two of them shook hands, and a wave of disgust rolled through me.This is Keith Darnell, said Michaelson, intro ducing him to the others.Tom Darnells son? asked Barnes, impressed. Tom Darnell was a legendary leader among the Alchemists.The same, said Keith cheerfully. He was about five years older than me, with blond hair a shade hoy than mine. I knew a lot of girls thought he was attractive. Me? I found him vile. He was pretty much the last person Id expected to see here.And I believe you know the Sage sisters, added Michaelson.Keith turned his gamy eyes first to Zoe, eyes that were just fractionally different from each other in color. One eye, made of glass, stared blankly ahead and didnt move at all. The other one winked at her as his grin widened.He can still wink, I thought furiously. That annoying, stupid, condescending wink But then, why wouldnt he? Wed all heard about the accident hed had this year, an accident that had cost him an eye. Hed still survived with one good one, but somehow, in my mind, Id thought the loss of an eye would stop that infuriating winking.Little Zoe Look at you, all bounteous up, he said fondly. Im not a violent person, not by any means, but I suddenly wanted to hit him for looking at my sister that way.She managed a smile for him, clearly palliate to see a familiar face here. When Keith turned toward me, however, all that charm and friendliness vanished. The feeling was mutual.The burning, black hatred building up inside of me was so overwhelming that it took me a moment to formulate any sort of response. Hello, Keith, I said stiffly.Keith didnt even attempt to match my forced civility. He immediately turned toward the senior Alchemists. What is she doing here?We know you requested Zoe, said Stanton levelly, but after consideration, we decided it would be best if Sydney fulfill this role. Her experience dwarfs any concerns about her past actions.No, said Keith swiftly, turning that steely blue gaze back on me. There is no way she can come, no way Im trusting some twisted vamp lover to screw this up for all of us. Were taking her si ster.

Okonkwo “Falls Apart”: The Tragic Hero Essay

Psychology teaches us that we retain information presented to us in an emotional andcompelling manner. Facts and figures whitethorn speak to the mind, however stories speak to theheart.the heart of individuals and the heart of graciousity as a whole. wherefore have books andauthors endured for centuries, out conking nearly every(prenominal) opposite form of entertainment?Books arethe faithful guardians of humanitys timeless bonds, and in their linguistic communication and their images resonatecore human principles. For this reason, novels are among humanitys to the highest degree powerful historybooks. Emotions are, after all, what make us human. Who better to speak to these unstop-p sufficient forces than tragic dramatists, who capture the catholicity of human emotions in theirtimeless life-in-capsules .their stories. Classic masters like Sophocles and Shakespeare mayhave introduced us to the tragic hero, but contemporary storytellers have transcended race,regions, and centur ies to gift modern society with its bear tortured messengers.In ChinuaAchebes Things Fall Apart, the struggle between the late nineteenth century Igbo masses ofNigeria and the white colonialists who sought the tribes metempsychosis to Christianity are docu-mented. However, it is the rise and fall of one great Igbo warrior, Okonkwo, that truly drivesthis modern tragedy. and demonstrates how a tragic hero is often anything but heroic.Much like Shakespearean tragic hero Macbeth and many others, Okonkwo is a multidimensional blend of light (good) and dark (evil). The clan leader is admirable in his self-made lieu (a unique fulfillment of the tragic heros usual noble nature) and his determination to create a better future by shunning his fathers questionable actions.Achebe presents Okonkwo and his tribesmen as a people who value thought and artistry Among the Igbo the art of conversation is regarded very highly, and proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten (12). During th e geological era of imperialism and romanticism, many dismissed indigenous Africans as the noble savagebeings high in morality but low in intelligence. Achebes tale challenges both of these assumptions. Achebe peppers his tale with Igbo language and words, to illustrate the vital intention which communication played in the Igbo community and culture. Such a representation is a far abuse from the dull-witted and language-less savage of popular lore.Despite these positives, the reader may be left with an uncomfortable feelingand up to now an active dislikeof the novels protagonist. He beats his wife (although he is punished for it) he constantly berates his son for not being masculine enough he wishes his daughter (although he adores her typeface and strength) was a son he rarely shows emotion (because he perceives feeling as weakness)and that very worship leads him to remorselessly participate in the premeditated send off of his favored surrogate son Ikemefuna.Two of the said (prenominal) events are particularly crucial in Okonkwos path of development, demonstrating the cruel interaction of fate and woof that guides the tragic hero. During his formative years, Okondwo firmly captains his own destiny by building himself up as a respected and well-regarded warrior and provider, although these actions are fueled by the disre cate of his dishonest father, a background over which Okonkwo has no control.This secret shame is the first mark of the warriors spiritual wounding (parental issues similarly drive other celebrated tragic heroes such as Hamlet and Oedipus). Spiritual hurt instills Okonkwo with a tragic brand that damages his decision-making process. And, as with all tragic heroes, the crossroads (the point of decision) is everything. When the warrior is faced with a choice regarding how to speak his wifes presumed negligence, his plume leads him to one brutal conclusion a beating. The action shatters a numinous time for Okonkwos tribe, and, more than than importantly, fractures their trust in an important leader.As a result, the warrior has only hurt himself more, a fact for which he repents but does not yet truly recognize.Only Okonkwos second crossroads will irrevocably alter the story, and the man himself. After all, how could a man look into the eyes of a child whom he has sheltered, mentored, and admireda child, with no blood ties, who is still no less a son to his fatherhow could such a man look into the past and future and allow his pride to deal that child a fatal blow?How could a piece of that manof his soulnot die with his child? For Okonkwo, the answer is clear, and his tragic recognition of the consequences of this action (his moment of truth) sets the ensuing chain of events on its inevitableand unavoidablecourse. The warrior has further severed the tenuous connection with his family more death befalls his family the fates punish him with a tragic accident, which leads to his exile and he must watch passively as his people are swindled by questionable outsiders.Yet the repeated emotional pummelings have reawakened within the warrior two important virtues honor and courage. through and through his revolution of one (his final choice, his final act of defiance), Okonkwo both finds himself and, ultimately, loses himself forever. In some regards, Okondwos self-murder is the murder of humanitys hopeThe fall of the Igbo peopleand their once mighty warriorrepresents a slower, more lay waste to form of humiliation and subtle slavery. Two transportations in particular speak to the colonialist impact And at last the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree and on every blade of grass they settled on the roofs and covered the bare ground (71)He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. at present he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart (164). The first passage indicates how suddenly these indigenous peoples found themselves in the midst of colonialists (like the locusts), while the second passage laments how easily the outsiders were able to turn loyal tribesmen against one another.In the story, the tribesmen were at first seduced by the kindly ways of Mr. brownness (who respects the tribesmen yet lures away the tribe outsiders first), but then they fall victim to the much more aggressive Reverend Smith. Once under Smiths leadership, the tribe converts actions become much more disreputable and disloyal (such as when Enoch unmasks the egwogwu), and the leaders of the tribe eventually lose their will to fight the colonialists, leading to Okonkwos suicide. But it is perhaps the final lines of the book which most signize the falling apart of this once eminent people He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thoughtThe Pacification of the autochthonic Tribes of the Lower Niger (224). The tribe is reduced to some white mans conquest, while the very symbol of that tribes former strength, Okonkwo, becomes a paragraph or twoa mere comment in colonialist history. In this sense, Okonkwos suffering (like many tragic heroes) is instilled with greater meaning because he serves as a symbola symbol of his cultures greatness and its inevitable, tragic demise.Two words best summarize the complex creation of Okonkwo tragic hero. Within this man is a piece of every individual, past and present. The audience relates so well because they see themselves in Okonkwos shortcomings, flaws, and basically imperfect human nature. In watching this memorable characters own struggles against the insurmountable, generations of audiences have found an outlet for their own hopes and fears.

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation Essay

Martin Luther was the most influential person of the fifteenth and 16th one C the reason being he rebelled against the catholic church service the highest authority in the world at that condemnation. When Martin Luther went against the church he non only reformed Christianity but reformed every person in europium into a speculateing human being. So when looking at the most influential people of the time Martin Luther paved the path for all modern sciences.Martin Luthers Ninety Five Theses showed obvious faults and corruption throughout the Catholic church. When looking at Martin Luthers ideals he showed that the Catholic Church had made up rules that could not be found in the bible. Due to this finding he led the Protestants into a more restrain translation of the bible. One of his largest accomplishments was the translation of the bible into the German language. By translating the bible out of Latin and into German he placed the interpretation of the word of god into the ha nds of people who had been simply told gods word from a Catholic stand point. By shining light on the problems of the Catholic Church Martin Luther created a wave of people with minds of their own.By giving people a reason and the power to think for themselves he lit the powder keg for the exit of the middle ages and entrance into the renaissance and the scientific revolution. And when looking at the scientific revolution one can speculate that if Martin Luthers Protestant reformation had not taken place when it did the Catholic Church would most likely have crushed any in the raw scientific ideas that did not conform to the teachings of the church. To prove that the speculation has weight one can look at how the Catholic Church employed major censorship of the Protestant teachings.Martin Luther was the most influential person of the 15th and 16th century because he shined light upon the power of the human mind. By empowering people he indue the world with the spark that led to th e scientific revolution and the split of the Catholic religion.

Personal College Essay

My ain College Essay By Dina Elyamany My heart froze and my stomach churned as I imagined the red-colored blood gushing out of him give care a waterfall. I grabbed my doctor equipment and, with shaking hands, started stitching the wound in his chest with fear that manything might go wrong. After sealing the cut, I checked the heart monitor, and a big smile appeared on my face. My teddy bear was safe and alive, and I was an outstanding sixer-year-old doctor. After finishing surgery, I skipped into the waiting way to see my clinic filled with my sisters Barbies who needed a heart replacement because Ken had mixed-up their hearts.As a child, I always thought the people I knew could be replaced or brought back to tone if something bad happened to them, like the toys I owned. However, one day showed me I was wrong. On a dull Wednesday afternoon, my parents dropped me run into at my aunts house so they could go to work. I spent the whole day talking to the dolls in my aunts special collection before realizing my aunt never came to check on me. Wondering, I walked to her room through with(predicate) the open door she was lying on the floor motionless, her mouth slightly open, and no spirit left(p) inside her body.That day I learned she could not be replaced. After seeing the image of my aunts void body, I woke up to realize that I had been living in a fantasy where people never die. Because of what happened to my aunt, I decided to become a real doctor who would save humans from unnecessary death. I knew that I would have to study my hardest to earn the required test scores to get into the top health check college. But living in Egypt, I knew my dream was not going to be accomplished since connected people steal the high test scores for their children.When I turned eleven, my parents brought me to live in the fall in States. I will always remember my first day in a school in America I walked to my sixth grade class with a heart pounding like a noisy watc h. As I sat in my seat and watched everyone carefully, I remember thinking that my face would never be fluent as theirs. That day and every day, I went home and examine. Within six months my English became as normal as an average Americans and my medical dream was born(p) once again.After I entered high school, doing well got a little harder. But I just studied more to be able to follow my dream. Through my experiences in America, I have learned some important truths. If I do not go after what I want, I will never have it if I do not ask, the answer will always be no and if I do not step forward, I will always be in the same place. I also have come to realize that people can live in my heart only not in my life. And the six-year-old doctor is now even more empowered to work toward her dream.

Parliamentary reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Essay

How far would you agree that fear of touristed abhorrence was the main reason why governments enacted parliamentary reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?The reform military campaign first started to achieve mass corroborate in the 1760s during the years of the French Revolution it even appealed to the members of the anti-reform Whig companionship only if as war with France started, the authorities feared revolution as had happened in France and so used restrictive measures in a bid to stamp out these new ideas. It was in 1815 besides that the reform try began to become more(prenominal) epochal when widespread unemployment attracted the masses to the idea of reform. But as conditions improved during the 1820s the printing press for reform decreased as Cobbett said, I defy you to agitate a man on a full stomach.The reform strawman was not unified nor was it on a national scale. in that respect were different groups urging for changes the most extensi ve of these were the radicals, such men as Robert Paine. They campaigned for universal male suffrage, yearly parliaments, equal electoral districts, a hole-and-corner(a) ballot, the payment of MPs and the abolition of property qualifications for MPs.There were some(prenominal)(prenominal) more radical that others however and on with circumstantial agreement on what should be the best insurance of reform they had little success on parliament. There were also calls for reform from more moderate radicals and members of the Whigs that called for measures for more limited reform such as disfranchising the worst of the rotten boroughs and giving representation to larger towns. The wishing of reform previous to the 1832 numeral can be explained by the lack of unity of the reformers and their less that significant support in the country but more centrally the Tories anti-reform bulk in parliament and the low- protrude number of pro-reform Whigs and radicals.The economic slump of 18 29 and an increase in poor harvests caused unemployment and distress for many operative fellowship families and thus made them more susceptible to reformist ideology. This period saw the reform movement bring around by such radicals as Cobbett and Hunt the BPU, a reform organisation was also founded by doubting Thomas Attwood which provided a hale group aligning the lower and middle tell apart people this provided the opportunity for others to be created throughout the country during 1829-30 with the middle and working classes increasingly cooperating together the combination of the two provided a class alliance that the Tories were fearful of.The death of the pro-Tory King George IV necessitated a general election in which the Tories majority was heavily reduced and the continuation of Wellingtons government became uncertain with the increase of Whig seats. This was due to the pro-reform situation of the country especially within the counties and open boroughs. The election saw the re give up of Henry Brougham in a seat for Yorkshire he was more popular in the country than any Whig leader and had promised to initiate parliamentary reform. With the reform movements continued support, other agitation began to emerge in the country.The Swing Riots of Southern England involved intent hayricks and breaking machinery which they blamed for reducing employment for farm workers. Although easily suppressed, the Whigs, worried of unrest and encouraged by the Tory decline, announced their intention to introduce reform legislation in the Commons Wellington however continually expressed his belief that the existing system possessed the full and entire confidence of the country. In November 1830 the defeat of the Tory government in the Commons brought an end to their 20 years of rule. This opened the door to the Whigs who had already expressed intention in reforming parliament who formed a minority government.The Whigs aim of producing this legislation was a meas ure large enough to satisfy public opinion but to also provide opposite to further innovation and to uphold the authority of the Aristocracy and the existing Whig government. Although they wanted to remove the most continuant abuses, they were heavily concerned with preserving as much as possible the social and political status quo. Their outline was to remedy the grievances of the middle classes thitherby gaining their support and dividing the middle-working class alliance of the reform movement which posed colossal problems for the government of left unresolved. The shoot made no concessions to the radicals and working classes meaning that post-reform agitation would almost for certain continue.During the handbills progression through parliament, agitation continued. political unions organised demonstrations, riots occurred in Nottingham and Bristol and further emphasis seemed possible. This extra-parliamentary agitation only strengthened the Whig governments determinatio n in passing the buck. When King William IV refused to create more Whig peers to carry the Bill through the Lords, Grey resigned and Wellington took office again.This resulted in the old age of May where nationwide protests and demonstrations made some fearful of revolution reformers also threatened an economic crisis by withdrawing gold from the banks to stop the Duke, go for gold. With Wellingtons failure at forming a government, and the great public opinion in favour of reform, the King had no choice but to create these required peers the Tory majority in the kinfolk of Lords however conceded and the Bill was passed. It can therefore be seen that although reform was mean by the Whigs, there was calm fear of an uprising that could have swayed members votes, especially in the Commons.Further parliamentary reform was inevitable the Whigs had recognised the huge public opinion in favour of reform and were presently in a majority in the business firm of Commons. Lord Althor p even warned Grey in 1833 that without popular measures, the purify Act will lead to revolution. It is therefore clear that the fear of uprisings was lock in ostensible to many even after the Act was passed. Although the next Reform Act wasnt passed until 1867, there was still popular agitation in the country.This especially came from the Chartist movement whose demands would have essentially made Britain into a democracy their demands were however foreshortend by parliament largely based on the fact that anti-reformer Palmerston was in charge for much of the period between the Acts. With an increasing number of reform legislation being passed both social and economic the country was becoming more democratic and with this came factors in determining parliamentary reform. As well as radical demands for reform continuing, a new factor of fellowship political self-seeking was also present it was in the materialistic parties own interests to pass the Second Reform Act.As had h appened prior to the 1832 Act, 1866 saw economic problems which increased social discontent and fuelled the calls for reform this is evident in the huge lot of membership to the Reform Union and Reform League. In 1866 both organisations integrity middle class, the other working started working together, creating the akin threat that the Tories had feared back in 1830. It was the big(a) ships company that introduced the first Bill to parliament, with them visual perception the opportunity in enfranchising selective members of working class who were already in favour of the society.The radicals backed the Bill but believed that the measure was too limited many right-wing bountifuls however thought the opposite that the Bill would enfranchise too many of the working class. The Conservatives saw the opportunity of the split ideology and the Liberal party and worked with the right-wingers in defeating the Bill in June of 1866 the Liberal government resigned, giving way to a mi nority Conservative administration. Despite his own parties opposition to reform, Disraeli introduced his own reform Bill based purely on self-interests in gaining the support of the proposed boroughs to be enfranchised. Moreover, Disraeli also claimed that he intended to destroy the present agitation in the country.As well as party political interests, agitation was still ongoing with radicals and organisations pushing for reform. A amicable demonstration by the Reform League in London had erupted in emphasis in July 1966 this, along with further riots, convinced many MPs on the need for reform. Disraelis Bill introduced in ring 1867 was more moderate than the Liberal one before it, with the intention that those who opposed the last Bill will accept this one. Rather than it being defeated, Disraeli was willing to make the Bill even more radical than the one prior it was their certainty that redistributing seats would return a Conservative majority that made members within the party support the Bill, along with the radical MPs. It can therefore be seen that self-interests of parties was the main factor in pitch about the Second Reform Act rather than agitation in the country, which was the case during the 1830s.Calls for a secret ballot had been apparent since the late eighteenth century, it was even considered during the Reform Bill in 1831. It wasnt however agitation that led to the Ballot Act of 1872, it was the election of 1868. Violence, corruption and intimidation had occurred as in any election prior but what was surprising was the publicity the election received with journalists commenting on the extent to which violence was a factor. The government set up a committee in 1870 to look into this with their report favouring a system of secret voting. Although the Conservatives apposed such a measure, they saw the opportunity in getting radical support so pushed ahead with the Bill.Intimidation still continued even with an increased electorate and secret voting it apparently meant that candidates had to spend more to win over the voters. Secret voting did however mean that voters would not of necessity vote for the candidate they had received money from this, along with radical calls for reform, urged governments of the time to act. The 1883 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act passed with both Conservative and Liberal support it limited the expenditure of elections (fell by three-quarters in the 1885 election) and in turn reduced corruption and violence. It was parties interests saving them the huge expense of elections that again prevailed over agitation to pass reform. afterwards the 1867 Act, most politicians had accepted that further parliamentary reform was inevitable, even if they didnt support it. It was therefore important to ensure that reform was in the parties interests, as had occurred in 1867. It was again party self-interests that determined the Third Reform Act Gladstone agreed to support moderate reform b elieve he would gain popularity in the country. A Liberal Bill was introduced in 1884 with the Conservative majority of the House of Lords, led by Salisbury, believing that although an extension of the county franchise would be beneficial to the Liberals, a redistribution of seats would prevent them from gaining a sufficient majority.By this time conflict had reappeared again, not regarding reform but the abolition of the House of Lords. The riots that followed were not on the same level as in 1832 and the government had little to worry about. There was no significant extra-parliamentary pressure for reform, it was the parties acting in self-interest for themselves in trying to pass the Bill that really counted. A agree was finally reached the Arlington Street compact in which both parties got what they wanted the Liberals an extension of the franchise and the Conservatives the redistribution of seats.With each consequent Act making the House of Commons more democratic, the Hou se of Lords remained essentially aristocratic, with many radicals proposing the upper House be reformed. There were repeated calls for the House to be abolished, especially during the Liberals Home die hard Bill, which was thrown out by the Lords. The election of 1906 produced a Liberal majority of over 200 seats, with the Lords still a Conservative stronghold poised to block key Liberal measures in the following years.The fan tan Bill was introduced in 1910, but the Lords were reluctant to pass such a measure that would removed their occasion of veto. Liberal Prime Minister Asquith therefore urged the King to create more peers to secure a Liberal majority insisting that there was a serious state of unrest among the middle classes that could lead to harming the crown. The Bill was reintroduced to Parliament with the House of Lords finally accepting the proposals in August 1911 rather then see the House swamped by Liberal peers. The 1911 Parliament Act can therefore be seen as v ery little to do with agitation in the country and more of the fact of the increasing hostility between the Liberal government and the Conservation Lords.Although the electoral system was now more representative of the people than ever before, there were still huge numbers of people who were denied the vote women for example made up half of the commonwealth but still had no proper political voice. The system was therefore still criticised, with the Liberal party calling for further reform including manhood suffrage and the abolition of plural voting. It was from the womens suffrage movement that significant pressure on parliament after 1885 emerged.Parliament found it increasingly difficult to ignore calls for reform from organisations such as the National Union of Womens Suffrage and the Womens Social and Political Union, both of which held demonstrations and were increasing in popularity. They began more militant activities including vandalism and attacks on MPs which only help ed to give potential supporters, it was in fact the more moderate groups that found the greater success. Once again it came down to party politics with the Liberal party in 1905 believing that enfranchising women on the same basis as men would create a majority middle-class, who were more than likely to vote Conservative.The reform movement nearly disappeared during the outbreak of the war, which reinforces the claim that the Fourth Reform Act passed in 1918 was a result of the parties, and not extra-parliamentary pressure. The Liberals and mash both supported universal male suffrage by now, with the Conservatives apposing the idea at first but hoping such enfranchised men would vote Conservative.Women were also partly included in the act not because of suffragette pressure, but because before the war a majority of MPs favoured extending the vote to them as long as it was in their parties interests. It can therefore be seen that virtually no agitation or pressure was vest on p arliament during the time leading up to the 1918 Act, it was simply due to the self-interests of the parties with each benefiting from a contingent aspect of the Bill.